Several audio formats are based on the RIFF (Resource Interchange File Format), which is a general purpose standard. The principle is to define containers and sundry identified by their first four bytes, which are generally ASCII characters. This allows technicians to identify and open the file with a hex editor, followed by four bytes which indicate the end (this limits the number of bytes of a RIFF file size 4 GB).
A RIFF file starts with RIFF and the total length, then there is the identifier of the first sub-container. WAV (or WAVE), (Waveform audio format) is a container based on RIFF file format, wherein the identifier is WAVE. It can contain audio coding with reduced flow or not, mono or stereo, it was developed by Microsoft and IBM. The information needed for decoding is at the beginning of the file. WAV allows you to store metadata in the file.
Most often, it contains no audio data reduction, with sampling frequencies and various resolutions. BWF (Broadcast Wave Format) is a standard audio format created by the European Broadcasting Union as a better WAV for professional use. BWF files include a standardized Timestamp reference which enables and facilitates synchronization with an element of distinct picture. This is the usual recording format of many professional audio workstations television and film.
Ogg Vorbis is a free format fruit by the Xiph.org foundation. Ogg is a container that can contain audio lossless soundtracks (FLAC), encoded with the Vorbis psychoacoustic codec, spoken audio (Speex) and video (Theora). An Ogg file can contain one (or a combination) of tracks. An audio converter online can work on all these files.
The AIFF is a format for storing sounds on Apple computers. This is equivalent to the WAV format in the Windows world. CAF (Core Audio Format) was developed by Apple to overcome the limitations of older audio containers such as AIFF or WAV. It is compatible with Apple Mac OS X system from version 10.3 and is readable by Quicktime 7.
Compressed and uncompressed audio codecs
PCM is simply a result of uncompressed audio data, which is usually stored as .WAV on Windows or .Aiff on Mac OS. WAV and AIFF are flexible audio file formats designed to store more or less any combination of sampling rates or bitrates.
These are the appropriate file formats for storage and execution of original recordings. RAW (Real Audio Wrapper) is an audio format used to represent data in the pulse coded without header or metadata modulation. The RAW file is unusable without information about coding, which must be sent elsewhere.
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